【Studio Ghibli】Complete Guide to Dubrovnik, Croatia on the Adriatic Coast – The Setting of Porco Rosso
Introduction: Porco Rosso and the Charm of the Adriatic Sea
“Porco Rosso,” released by Studio Ghibli in 1992, is a romantic adventure tale for adults drawn by director Hayao Miyazaki. This work, depicting the exploits of Porco Rosso, a flying boat pilot transformed into a pig, beautifully visualizes the landscapes of 1920s Italy and Croatia against the backdrop of the beautiful Adriatic Sea.
This article provides detailed information about the Adriatic coast that served as the setting for the film, with a focus on Dubrovnik in Croatia, including actual filming locations, places that served as models, and methods for pilgrimage to sacred sites. This article is packed with useful information not only for Ghibli fans but also for those planning to visit Croatia.
The Setting of Porco Rosso and the Adriatic Sea
Historical Background of the Story
“Porco Rosso” is set on the Adriatic Sea in the late 1920s after World War I, during the rise of Italian fascism. The protagonist, Marco Pagot (Porco Rosso), was once an ace pilot in the Italian Air Force, but cast a spell on himself to become a pig and now lives as a bounty-hunting flying boat pilot.
The Adriatic coast during this period was an international region where diverse cultures intersected—Italy, Yugoslavia (present-day Croatia, Slovenia, etc.), and Greece. The beautiful coastlines, intricate islands, and historic port towns appearing in the film faithfully reproduce the actual landscapes of the Adriatic Sea.
What is the Adriatic Sea?
The Adriatic Sea is part of the Mediterranean, a narrow sea body sandwiched between the Italian Peninsula and the Balkan Peninsula. It extends approximately 800 kilometers in length, with a width of approximately 93 kilometers at its narrowest point. It is known as a picturesque location with high-transparency blue waters, beautiful coastlines, and over 1,000 islands scattered throughout.
Croatia, located on the eastern coast, is particularly characterized by its complex coastline and numerous islands, and many places that served as models for the landscapes depicted in “Porco Rosso” exist here. The secluded coves, stone port towns, and striking contrasts between blue seas and white buildings depicted in the film are the landscapes of Croatia itself.
Dubrovnik: An Important Setting in Porco Rosso
History and Characteristics of Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik is a historic port city located on the Adriatic coast in southern Croatia. Known as the “Pearl of the Adriatic,” this town prospered as an independent maritime republic from the Middle Ages, and its well-preserved old town is now registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The stone buildings with characteristic orange tile roofs, completely preserved city walls, and the striking contrast with the blue Adriatic Sea embody the very atmosphere of the port town depicted in “Porco Rosso.” It is known that director Hayao Miyazaki visited Croatia in 1989 and conducted on-location research in Dubrovnik and surrounding areas.
Connection to the Film
The port town scenery in “Porco Rosso” is believed to be modeled after Dubrovnik’s old town. In particular, the following elements are reflected in the film:
Old Town Surrounded by City Walls
The port town in the film is enclosed by stone walls, which corresponds to the characteristic landscape of Dubrovnik. The approximately 2-kilometer-long city walls were constructed between the 13th and 17th centuries and remain in complete form today.
Orange-Colored Roofs
The orange terracotta roofs that characterize Dubrovnik’s old town are also depicted in the port town scenes of the film. This unified landscape is the product of careful urban planning cultivated over a long history.
Stone-Paved Alleyways
The narrow stone-paved alleyways, stairs, and arched passages of the old town are key elements in creating the atmosphere of the town depicted in the film.
Harbor and Sea
Dubrovnik’s old harbor is believed to be one of the image sources for the harbor where flying boats are moored in the film. The contrast between the blue Adriatic Sea and stone buildings evokes the beautiful scenes in the movie.
Porco’s Hideaway Model: The Dalmatian Islands
The Islands of the Dalmatian Coast
One of the most impressive locations in the film is Porco Rosso’s hideaway. The scene of a flying boat and small cottage floating in a quiet cove surrounded by rocky mountains has remained in the hearts of many fans. The hideaway is believed to be modeled after the countless islands and coves scattered along the Dalmatian coast of Croatia.
The Dalmatian coast extends approximately 400 kilometers along the central to southern part of Croatia, with over 1,000 islands scattered throughout. Many of these islands are uninhabited or home to only small fishing villages, and numerous locations ideal for a hideaway as depicted in the film exist here.
Specific Model Candidates
Vis Island
Located offshore in the Adriatic Sea, Vis Island was long restricted to general access as a military base, preserving untouched nature. Its complex coastline and numerous coves are said to resemble the image of Porco’s hideaway.
Kornati Islands
Consisting of approximately 140 islands, the Kornati Islands are mostly designated as a national park. The rugged rocky surfaces and transparent sea, landscapes untouched by human hands, are precisely the world depicted in the film.
Mljet Island
Located northwest of Dubrovnik, Mljet Island has about one-third of its area designated as a national park and is characterized by lush nature and beautiful coves. The island contains two saltwater lakes, creating a mysterious atmosphere.
Hotel Adriano Model
The Hotel Appearing in the Film
Hotel Adriano, managed by Gina, is one of the important settings in the film. Depicted as an elegant venue overlooking the Adriatic Sea where flying boat pilots gather, there are several theories about which hotel served as its model.
Verification of Candidate Locations
Opatija
Located at the base of the Istrian Peninsula in northern Croatia, Opatija developed as a resort destination for Austro-Hungarian nobility and the wealthy from the late 19th century onward. The elegant hotels and villas built along the coast bear some resemblance to Hotel Adriano’s atmosphere.
Rovinj
The beautiful port town on the western coast of the Istrian Peninsula is also considered a candidate location. Its Venetian architectural style, seaside cafes and restaurants, and artistic atmosphere overlap with the image of the film’s hotel.
Resorts Around Dubrovnik
Historic hotels existing since the 1920s are also located in the vicinity of Dubrovnik and may have been referenced.
Flying Boat Scenes and Adriatic Seascapes
The Beauty of the Film’s Flight Scenes
One of the greatest attractions of “Porco Rosso” is the beautiful imagery of the flying boat flying over the Adriatic Sea. The contrast between the blue sea, white clouds, scattered islands, and the red flying boat represents the pinnacle of director Miyazaki’s visual aesthetics.
These scenes are based on landscapes that the director witnessed during his actual visit to Croatia. In particular, the following elements are striking:
- High-transparency blue sea: The distinctive turquoise blue unique to the Adriatic Sea
- Complex coastlines: The varied landscape created by intricate coves and capes
- Scattered islands: The scenery of islands of various sizes floating on the sea
- Mediterranean light: Strong sunlight and bright skies
Comparison with Actual Scenery
Upon visiting the Adriatic coast of Croatia, one can understand how faithfully the film’s scenes have been depicted from actual landscapes. The coastline from Dubrovnik to Split, or the views seen from ferries touring the islands, are the world of the film itself.
Today, sightseeing flight services using small aircraft and Cessnas are available, making it possible to view the Adriatic from above like Porco. Companies providing such services are located near Dubrovnik Airport and Split Airport.
Sacred Site Pilgrimage Guide: How to Actually Visit
Access to Dubrovnik
Air Travel
Dubrovnik International Airport (DBV) is located approximately 20 kilometers south of the old town. There are no direct flights from Japan, but you can access the city via connecting flights in major European cities (Vienna, Frankfurt, Istanbul, etc.).
From the airport to the city center, you can use shuttle buses, taxis, or pre-arranged transfer services. Travel time is approximately 30-40 minutes.
Overland
Long-distance buses operate from other Croatian cities (Zagreb, Split, etc.). Particularly from Split, there are over 10 buses daily, with a travel time of approximately 4 hours.
Recommended Sightseeing Route
Day 1: Dubrovnik Old Town
- City Wall Walk (approximately 2-3 hours): Walk along the walls surrounding the old town and enjoy a panoramic view of scenery like that in the film
- Placa Street: Stroll through the main street of the old town
- Old Harbor: Experience the atmosphere of a harbor where flying boats might be moored
- Lovrijenac Fortress: A fortress jutting into the sea offering views of the old town
Day 2: Dalmatian Islands Cruise
- Elaphiti Islands Tour: Islands accessible on a day trip from Dubrovnik (Koloćep, Lopud, Šipan Islands)
- Mljet Island Tour: Visit the national park and experience scenery reminiscent of Porco’s hideaway
Day 3: Surrounding Areas
- Kotor (Montenegro): A beautiful bay town accessible on a day trip from Dubrovnik
- Ston: A small town with preserved medieval walls, famous for oysters
Best Season
May-June, September-October
During this period, the climate is mild, there are relatively fewer tourists, and you can sightsee leisurely. The sea’s transparency is high, and you can enjoy beautiful scenery like that in the flying scenes.
July-August
Peak summer season offers the best weather, but tourists are extremely numerous and accommodation prices surge. Early reservations are essential.
November-March
The off-season offers fewer tourists and a quieter atmosphere, though some tourist facilities and restaurants may be closed. However, on mild winter days, there is a different kind of charm.
Photography Spots and Photogenic Locations
Views from the City Walls
Dubrovnik’s city walls are the place where you can feel the film’s world view most strongly. Particularly recommended spots:
Fort Minceta
At the highest point of the walls, offering panoramic views of the entire old town and Adriatic Sea. Early morning hours are less crowded with tourists, allowing you to enjoy the scenery peacefully.
Fort Bokar
A fortress jutting into the sea, offering beautiful photographs of the striking contrast between the blue sea and the walls.
Near Ploče Gate
Positioned overlooking the old harbor, offering photographs of the harbor atmosphere reminiscent of where flying boats might be moored.
Sunset Spots
Buza Bar
A unique bar built on a cliff outside the city walls. You can experience an atmosphere like a scene from the film while watching the sun set over the sea.
Mount Srd
From the summit accessible by cable car, you can enjoy panoramic views of all of Dubrovnik and the Adriatic Sea tinged by sunset. A grand landscape reminiscent of the film’s opening spreads before you.
Photography on the Islands
Lokrum Island
An uninhabited island ten minutes by boat from Dubrovnik. Lush nature and transparent sea evoke the atmosphere of Porco’s hideaway.
Elaphiti Islands
Quiet coves where you have few people and can photograph scenery like that in the film. The northern cove of Šipan Island is particularly recommended.
The Relationship Between Director Hayao Miyazaki and Croatia
The 1989 Research Trip
Director Hayao Miyazaki visited Croatia in 1989 to prepare for the production of “Porco Rosso.” Although it was still part of the Yugoslav Federation at the time, he was deeply moved by its beautiful landscapes and historic townscapes.
During this trip, the director visited major cities including Dubrovnik, Split, and Rovinj, leaving behind many sketches. He also visited Italian aviation museums and other locations to gather reference materials for the flying boats.
Connection to the Yugoslav Conflict
Interestingly, just before the film’s release (1992), Croatia was in the midst of a conflict over independence from Yugoslavia. Dubrovnik was also besieged from 1991 to 1992, and the old town came under bombardment.
Director Miyazaki was deeply pained to see this beautiful town caught in the fires of war, and he expressed a desire through the film to preserve the peaceful landscapes of the Adriatic Sea. The film’s anti-war message was not merely a background to the story but also the director’s earnest wish.
Influence After the Film’s Release
Following the release of “Porco Rosso,” the number of tourists visiting Croatia from Japan in particular increased. The city of Dubrovnik also recognizes the role the film played in tourism promotion and welcomes Ghibli fans.
At some local tourist information centers, information related to “Porco Rosso” is provided, and if you express your status as a film fan, you may receive special information.
Croatian Culture and the World of Porco Rosso
Food Culture
The dining scenes in the film are also impressive, and Croatian food culture is actually very rich.
Seafood
Fresh seafood is abundant along the Adriatic coast. Particularly octopus, squid, mussels, and oysters are specialties. You can enjoy Mediterranean cuisine at seaside restaurants like those depicted in the film.
Wine
Croatia is a wine region known to connoisseurs. In the Dalmatian region, local varietals such as Plavac Mali and Posip are produced. You can taste the high-quality wines that Gina might have enjoyed.
Italian Influence
Facing Italy across the Adriatic Sea, Croatian cuisine shows strong Italian influences. Pasta, risotto, and pizza are common, fitting the film’s historical setting.
Architecture
Venetian Style
Many towns on the Dalmatian coast were once under Venetian control, so Venetian Gothic architecture is frequently seen. The elegant stone buildings serve as models for the buildings in the film.
Mediterranean Architecture
Typical Mediterranean architecture—white limestone, orange tile roofs, and green shutters—models the buildings appearing in the film.
Music and Atmosphere
Croatia has a traditional a cappella singing style called “klapa,” particularly popular in the Dalmatian region. While different from the jazz and tango in the film, the culture of loving the sea and music is shared.
Practical Information: Travel Preparation
Visas and Entry
For Japanese nationals, visas are not required for tourist visits of up to 90 days. A passport must have at least three months of validity remaining at the time of departure from Croatia.
As of January 2023, Croatia joined the Schengen Area, making entry from other Schengen member countries easier.
Currency and Prices
As of January 2023, Croatia’s currency is the Euro (EUR). Prior to this, the currency was the Kuna (HRK), but has now completely transitioned to the Euro.
Prices are somewhat cheaper than Western Europe, but tourist destinations like Dubrovnik are relatively expensive. Meals range from approximately 10-30 euros, and mid-range hotels cost approximately 80-150 euros per night.
Language
The official language is Croatian, but English is widely spoken at tourist destinations. Especially among younger generations and tourism industry workers, many speak English.
Basic greetings:
- Hello: Dobar dan
- Thank you: Hvala
- Goodbye: Doviđenja
Safety and Precautions
Croatia is a relatively safe country, but caution is necessary regarding theft and theft at tourist destinations. Especially during the peak summer season when there are large crowds, be careful with valuables.
Summer has extremely strong sunlight, making sunscreen, hats, and sunglasses essential. Also, when walking for extended periods such as on the city wall walk, remember to stay hydrated.
Recommended Accommodation Areas
Inside the Old Town
The atmosphere is excellent, but prices are high, and walking through stone-paved alleyways with luggage is difficult. Additionally, nighttime noise can be an issue.
Near Ploče Gate
Close to the old town, relatively quiet, and affordable. Many restaurants and cafes are available, making it a convenient area.
Lapad Peninsula
Slightly away from the old town, but with a beach resort atmosphere and recommended for families. The old town is 15-20 minutes away by bus.
Related Nearby Attractions
Split
Located approximately 230 kilometers north of Dubrovnik, Croatia’s second-largest city. The palace of Roman Emperor Diocletian stands at the center of the old town and is registered as a World Heritage Site.
Split’s harbor is also believed to be one of the image sources for the port towns depicted in the film. The lively market, stone buildings, and blue sea make it a beautiful town.
Zadar
A port city in the northern Dalmatian region. Particularly famous is the “Sea Organ,” a contemporary art piece that produces music with the movement of waves. The town is also known for its beautiful sunsets.
Istrian Peninsula
A peninsula in northwestern Croatia with beautiful towns such as Rovinj, Pula, and Poreč. Located near the Italian border, the region shows strong Italian cultural influences.
Rovinj, one of the candidate locations for Hotel Adriano’s model, is a beautiful port town where many artists reside.
Kotor in Montenegro
Approximately 60 kilometers south of Dubrovnik, across the border in Montenegro, Kotor is a medieval town located at the end of a fjord-like bay. Like Dubrovnik, it has an old town surrounded by city walls and is registered as a World Heritage Site.
Many day-tour packages are offered, and it is recommended to visit it together with Dubrovnik.
Special Experiences for Ghibli Fans
Flying Experiences
You can experience viewing the Adriatic from above like Porco.
Panorama Flights
Companies near Dubrovnik Airport offer sightseeing flights in Cessnas and helicopters. Courses range from 15 minutes to 1 hour, allowing you to enjoy the Adriatic from a perspective like that in the film.
Paragliding
Paragliding experiences from Mount Srd are also available. Tandem flights with an instructor ensure safety even for beginners.
Boat Tours
Private Boat Charter
You can charter a small boat to explore less-visited coves. There is the enjoyment of discovering Porco’s hideaway-like locations yourself.
Kayak Tours
Sea kayak tours are popular around Dubrovnik. You can view the city walls from the sea side or explore caves.
Sunset Cruises
Cruise tours departing in the evening allow you to view the sunset over the Adriatic from shipboard. You can spend time as elegant as Gina’s while enjoying champagne or wine.
Background Knowledge for Deeper Film Understanding
The Age of Flying Boats
The 1920s to 1930s are called the “golden age of flying boats,” when flying boats were active in long-distance flights and maritime transport. The flying boat piloted by Porco in the film, the “Savoia S.21,” is modeled after actual Italian flying boats.
The Adriatic Sea, with its calm sea surface and numerous ports, was suitable for flying boat operations. Companies like Savoia-Marchetti manufactured and operated flying boats in this region.
Post-World War I Europe
The late 1920s setting of the film is an era when the scars of World War I (1914-1918) remained. The setup that Porco suffers from war memories and transforms himself into a pig can be said to symbolize the “lost generation” of the era.
Additionally, fascism led by Mussolini was on the rise in Italy, and secret police appear in the film. This political tension also forms an important background to the narrative.
History of the Adriatic Sea
The Adriatic coast has been a place where various civilizations have intersected since ancient times. Under the Roman Empire, Byzantine Empire, Venetian Republic, and Austro-Hungarian Empire, unique cultures developed under diverse rulers.
Dubrovnik (then the Republic of Ragusa) prospered as an independent maritime republic from the 14th to early 19th centuries and played an important role in Mediterranean trade. This international and free atmosphere was one of the reasons the location was chosen as the setting for the film.
Conclusion: The Charm of Porco Rosso and Croatia
“Porco Rosso” is not merely an animation film but a work in which director Hayao Miyazaki has invested his feelings about the beauty of the Adriatic Sea, its history, and wishes for peace. The landscapes depicted in the film faithfully reproduce the actual scenery of Dubrovnik in Croatia and its surrounding areas, and visiting the location allows you to experience the film’s world in reality.
Dubrovnik’s old town surrounded by city walls, the Adriatic’s transparent blue waters, scattered islands and coves, and the bright light of the Mediterranean—all of these serve as sources for the film’s beautiful scenes.
When visiting Croatia, by experiencing the landscape beloved by director Miyazaki and feeling the director’s earnest wish for peace embedded in the film, rather than simply as a tourist destination, you can have a deeper experience.
The sky and sea of the Adriatic that Porco Rosso loved remain beautiful and continue to fascinate all who visit. For Ghibli fans, Croatia is a sacred site worth visiting once in a lifetime.
Along with Porco’s famous line, “Pigs that don’t fly are just pigs,” why not embark on a journey to feel the winds of the Adriatic Sea?
